How to Deploy a "Hello Echo!" Solidity smart contract to Echo
The example below describes the mechanism of creating, deploying, and invoking a contract on the Echo network, written in Solidity. To interact with the blockchain, Echo cli-wallet will be used. There are also some other options for creating a contract, such as using js or python libraries, or uploading a contract manually through the desktop wallet. Examples for these methods can be found in the documentation of the corresponding libraries or applications.
As an example, we will use the piggy.sol contract. After having been created this contract accepts money, and withdraw it one at a time or all at once, while deleting itself.
pragma solidity ^0.4.24;​contract PiggyBank {address owner;​constructor() public payable {owner = msg.sender;}​function greet() public pure returns (string) {return "Hello, Echo!";}​function getPennie() public {owner.transfer(1);emit pennieReturned();}​function breakPiggy() public {selfdestruct(owner);}​event pennieReturned();}
Below, as an example we will use solc to compile a contract and output the resulting bytecode and function hashes. Hashes and bytecode can also be obtained in other ways - using the online IDE for example.
$ ./solc --bin --hashes piggy.sol​======= piggy.sol:PiggyBank =======Binary: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 signatures:0314c1bf: breakPiggy()9e19b52d: getPennie()cfae3217: greet()
Now we create a contract named nathan using the command create_contract.
When creating a contract we are sending 10000 ECHO to it.
create_contract nathan "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" 10000 ECHO "" false
Result of execution occurs in console in few seconds:
Result of create_contract:{"id": "571d5c9844c5dfc49e4dbf67b87fa2cb90a7ec74","block_num": 18,"trx_num": 0,"trx": {"ref_block_num": 16,"ref_block_prefix": 4051088017,"expiration": "2020-10-14T09:50:26","operations": [[32,{"fee": {"amount": 466,"asset_id": "1.3.0"},"registrar": "1.2.26","value": {"amount": "1000000000000","asset_id": "1.3.0"},"code": "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","eth_accuracy": false,"extensions": []}]],"extensions": [],"signatures": ["ad01ead4b37e6cdb8b27ec1184cc426a0e6b1d7e6e74abc56b7b059cfe8a7d71091ed5bad522e5377fbdd7452a72b1d47a468b6c7508420f37364e8e9db1b801"],"signed_with_echorand_key": false,"operation_results": [[1,"1.12.0"]],"fees_collected": [{"amount": 466,"asset_id": "1.3.0"}]}}
After adding the resulting transaction to the blockchain, we can find out the ID of a new contract.
But before, it's necessary to get the contract performance result. You may see the result ID in returned console log. Field operation_results show us that result ID is 1.12.0. Also the result ID can be found out with the help of get_account_history method, by requesting the latest operation.
unlocked >>> get_account_history nathan 118 2020-10-14T09:40:28 contract_create_operation nathan fee: 0.00000466 ECHO result: 1.12.0
The result of creating a contract has the ID 1.12.0, and now let's see how to get it using the get_contract_result method.
unlocked >>> get_contract_result 1.12.0{"exec_res": {"excepted": "None","new_address": "0100000000000000000000000000000000000000","output": "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","code_deposit": "Success","gas_for_deposit": 382149,"deposit_size": 596},"tr_receipt": {"status_code": 1,"gas_used": 265895,"bloom": "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","log": []},"contract_id": "1.11.0"}
The address of the new contract is in the exec_res.new_address field. It is written in an Ethereum address format, that equals 0100000000000000000000000000000000000000 in our case, which is converted into Echo ID as 1.11.0.
Now, we can find out the current contract balance, as well as call its methods.
Finding out the balance using the list_id_balances method:
unlocked >>> list_id_balances 1.11.010000 ECHO
Calling the greet method that returns the constant string.
unlocked >>> call_contract nathan 1.11.0 "cfae3217" 0 ECHO
You also obtain a console log with contract execution. The line that the contract returns is in the contract result field exec_res.output in a hex-form.
unlocked >>> get_contract_result 1.12.1{"exec_res": {"excepted": "None","new_address": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000","output": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c48656c6c6f2c204563686f210000000000000000000000000000000000000000","code_deposit": "None","gas_for_deposit": 0,"deposit_size": 0},"tr_receipt": {"status_code": 1,"gas_used": 42777,"bloom": "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","log": []}}
Calling the getPennie method, that performs transfer to the account and creates an event.
unlocked >>> call_contract nathan 1.11.0 "9e19b52d" 0 ECHO
As a result of this method implementation, the contract balance should have decreased by 1, which we can see when viewing its balance sheet.
unlocked >>> list_id_balances 1.11.09999.99999999 ECHO
Also there are event records in the result logs..
"log": [{"address": "0100000000000000000000000000000000000000","log": ["bfed43b35c99a41ee9b8cb5a2afa74e45703b17dfd398a3b96260bdebca807cf"],"data": "","block_num": 65,"trx_num": 0,"op_num": 0}]
Calling the breakPiggy method, that returns all the contract money back and destroying the contract itself.
unlocked >>> call_contract nathan 1.11.0 "0314c1bf" 0 ECHO
As a result, we can see that the contract balance has decreased to zero and that it has destroyed, so now it's impossible to call its methods any more.
unlocked >>> list_id_balances 1.11.00 ECHO​unlocked >>> get_object 1.11.0[{"id": "1.11.0","type": "evm","destroyed": true,"statistics": "2.13.0","eth_accuracy": false,"owner": "1.2.26","extensions": []}]
